ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND INSTRUMENTATION

Analytical Chemistry and Instrumentation focuses on techniques and tools used to identify, separate, and quantify chemical substances. It covers classical methods such as titration and gravimetric analysis, along with modern instrumental techniques including chromatography, spectroscopy, electrochemical analysis, and mass spectrometry. The subject emphasizes accuracy, precision, calibration, and data interpretation, supporting applications in pharmaceuticals, environmental monitoring, forensic science, and industrial quality control.